Michigan 2025-2026 Regular Session

Michigan Senate Bill SB0394

Introduced
6/10/25  
Refer
6/10/25  
Report Pass
9/3/25  
Refer
9/3/25  
Report Pass
9/3/25  
Engrossed
9/4/25  

Caption

Natural resources: gas and oil; ownership and conveyance rights associated with pore space; establish. Creates new act. TIE BAR WITH: SB 395'25

Impact

The legislation is significant as it addresses the legal framework surrounding subterranean real estate, particularly in relation to emerging technologies and practices in carbon storage. It aims to offer a clear understanding of surface property rights and subsurface rights, thereby potentially encouraging investment in carbon capture and storage technologies. Moreover, by affirming the dominance of mineral rights and the surface owner's rights to fluids and gases, the act aims to balance various interests in mineral exploration and production.

Summary

Senate Bill 394, titled the 'Subsurface Pore Space Act', aims to clarify the ownership and conveyance rights associated with subsurface pore space beneath real property in the state of Michigan. This bill establishes that the ownership of pore space is vested in the owner of the overlying surface estate unless it has been explicitly severed. It allows for the separate sale, purchase, and lease of pore space, facilitating its future use for the storage of carbon dioxide and other substances.

Sentiment

Debate around SB 394 has been notably divided among stakeholders. Proponents argue that it will support environmental initiatives related to carbon capture, as well as provide clarity and enhance property rights for landowners. Conversely, opponents express concerns about the implications for existing rights and the ability of surface owners to use their land effectively, fearing that severing pore space from surface property could lead to negative legal repercussions for landowners who wish to utilize their property in traditional ways.

Contention

Among the notable points of contention in the discussions on SB 394 is the concern that the act could complicate existing mineral rights laws and create disputes between landowners. Lawmakers have pointed out that while the act seeks to clarify pore space ownership, it must also ensure that existing rights retained by mineral estate owners and surface owners are not adversely affected. Stakeholders are particularly attentive to how this bill aligns with other legislative measures being discussed, as it has been tied to additional bills that may shape its implementation.

Companion Bills

MI SB0395

Same As Natural resources: gas and oil; definitions in the crude oil and petroleum act; update. Amends sec. 1 of 1929 PA 16 (MCL 483.1). TIE BAR WITH: SB 394'25

Previously Filed As

MI SB0395

Natural resources: gas and oil; definitions in the crude oil and petroleum act; update. Amends sec. 1 of 1929 PA 16 (MCL 483.1). TIE BAR WITH: SB 394'25

MI SB0396

Environmental protection: air pollution; regulation of carbon sequestration; provide for. Amends secs. 502 & 1301 of 1994 PA 451 (MCL 324.502 & 324.1301); adds sec. 52509 & subch. 6 to ch. 3 of art. III. TIE BAR WITH: SB 0394'25, SB 0395'25

MI HB2762

Relating to the ownership of the pore space underlying the surface of land.

MI SB1258

Relating to the ownership of the pore space underlying the surface of land.

MI SB136

Establish process to regulate carbon capture, storage technology

MI HB170

Establish process to regulate carbon capture, storage technology

MI HB458

Carbon Dioxide Storage Stewardship Act

MI HB457

Geologic Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Act

MI HB4275

Natural resources: other; acquisition of mineral rights by certain foreign entities; prohibit. Creates new act. TIE BAR WITH: HB 4274'25

MI HB2076

Providing for geothermal energy development; imposing duties on the Department of Environmental Protection; promulgating regulations; establishing the Geothermal Energy Development Fund; and imposing penalties.

Similar Bills

AZ HCM2009

Subsurface minerals; access; federal policy

OH SB136

Establish process to regulate carbon capture, storage technology

OH HB170

Establish process to regulate carbon capture, storage technology

IN HB1341

Eminent domain.

FL S0948

Flood Disclosures

MI HB4275

Natural resources: other; acquisition of mineral rights by certain foreign entities; prohibit. Creates new act. TIE BAR WITH: HB 4274'25

TX SB1763

Relating to the production and ownership of brine.

TX HB246

Relating to the production and ownership of brine.