US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session

US Federal House Bill HB5287

Introduced
9/10/25  

Caption

China Advanced Technology Monitoring Act

Impact

This legislation aims to provide Congress with ongoing insights into the status and advancements of China's semiconductor sector. It is intended to inform U.S. strategies to counterbalance China's technological ambitions and to evaluate the effectiveness of current export controls. The bill outlines specific elements that must be included in the reports, such as an assessment of China's domestic capabilities, industrial policies, and collaboration with foreign countries. These insights could directly influence U.S. policy decisions and approaches to technology and trade involving semiconductors.

Summary

House Bill 5287, known as the China Advanced Technology Monitoring Act, mandates an annual report on the advanced semiconductor manufacturing capabilities of the People's Republic of China. The bill seeks to enhance U.S. awareness and responsiveness to China's growing capabilities in semiconductor technology, which has significant implications for national security and economic competitiveness. The report will be prepared by the Secretary of Defense with input from other federal agencies, focusing on key findings, assessments, and recommendations related to China's semiconductor manufacturing efforts.

Contention

While there is broad bipartisan support for monitoring China's technological advancements, the bill may raise concerns regarding the implications of such a focused assessment. Critics may argue that constant scrutiny of China's manufacturing capabilities could escalate tensions in U.S.-China relations. Additionally, debates may arise regarding the potential for the bill's requirements to impact diplomatic initiatives or trade agreements aimed at cooperation on technology and other critical sectors.

Companion Bills

No companion bills found.

Previously Filed As

US HB1122

China Technology Transfer Control Act of 2025

US HB6875

AI OVERWATCH Act Artificial Intelligence Oversight of Verified Exports and Restrictions on Weaponizable Advanced Technology to Covered High-Risk Actors Act

US HB6275

China AI Power Report Act

US SB4456

AI OVERWATCH Act Artificial Intelligence Oversight of Verified Exports and Restrictions on Weaponizable Advanced Technology to Covered High-Risk Actors Act

US SB2657

STOP China and Russia Act of 2025 Severing Technology Transfer Operations and Partnerships between China and Russia Act of 2025

US HB5022

No Advanced Chips for the CCP Act of 2025.

US HB8170

MATCH Act Multilateral Alignment of Technology Controls on Hardware Act

US HB802

STAR Act of 2025 Semiconductor Technology Advancement and Research Act of 2025

US HB694

Restoring Trade Fairness ActThis bill establishes various trade measures related to China, including by revoking China's permanent normal trade relations (PNTR) status and increasing the rates of duty (i.e., tariffs) on Chinese imported goods. The bill prohibits imported goods originating from North Korea, China, Russia, or Iran from receiving de minimis treatment. (Current law allows for U.S. imports under a de minimis threshold of $800 per shipment to enter free of tariffs, fees, and taxes.)Specifically, the bill revokes China's PNTR status. Currently, China's PNTR status allows for Chinese goods to have duty rates set forth in column 1 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS). With the removal of China's PNTR status, the bill generally sets the applicable duty rates on imported Chinese goods at the higher rates listed in column 2 of the HTS, with exceptions.The bill establishes a minimum duty rate of 35% for all Chinese goods, which requires column 2 rates to be at least 35%. However, the bill establishes a minimum duty rate of 100% for a list of specified goods (e.g., various minerals, certain vaccines and drugs, and certain defense-related articles). Duty rates are phased in over five years and adjusted annually for inflation.The bill alsoauthorizes the President to take additional actions related to trade with China, requires merchandise imported from China to be appraised based on U.S. value, and establishes a trust fund to compensate U.S. producers for lost revenue resulting from retaliatory actions by China.

US SB206

Restoring Trade Fairness ActThis bill establishes various trade measures related to China, including by revoking China's permanent normal trade relations (PNTR) status and increasing the rates of duty (i.e., tariffs) on Chinese imported goods. The bill prohibits imported goods originating from North Korea, China, Russia, or Iran from receiving de minimis treatment. (Current law allows for U.S. imports under a de minimis threshold of $800 per shipment to enter free of tariffs, fees, and taxes.)Specifically, the bill revokes China's PNTR status. Currently, China's PNTR status allows for Chinese goods to have duty rates set forth in column 1 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS). With the removal of China's PNTR status, the bill generally sets the applicable duty rates on imported Chinese goods at the higher rates listed in column 2 of the HTS, with exceptions.The bill establishes a minimum duty rate of 35% for all Chinese goods, which requires column 2 rates to be at least 35%. However, the bill establishes a minimum duty rate of 100% for a list of specified goods (e.g., various minerals, certain vaccines and drugs, and certain defense-related articles). Duty rates are phased in over five years and adjusted annually for inflation.The bill alsoauthorizes the President to take additional actions related to trade with China, requires merchandise imported from China to be appraised based on U.S. value, and establishes a trust fund to compensate U.S. producers for lost revenue resulting from retaliatory actions by China.

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